If warts occur near the anus, it means that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is progressing in the body. Dangerous infection that in the active stage can lead to oncology, death. Diagnosis and treatment must be timely.
What is the human papilloma virus
HPV is a common genital infection that causes warts in intimate areas due to active cell division. The group of viruses of the papillomavirus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV is present in about 60% of the world's population. In most cases, the virus has been in latent form in the body for many years.
Incubation period
Replication lasts for 3 months when the virus does not appear at all. In some cases, the incubation period ranges from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection multiplies, affecting healthy tissues. Immunity in 80-90% of young women eliminates HPV by itself. In the remaining 10-20%, the infection worsens and the disease becomes chronic.
Routes of infection
The human papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:
- Sexual. The main route of infection is when the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
- Contact and life. Use of sick person's belongings, clothes, shoes, household items.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is transmitted to the baby as it moves through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Contact. Contact with the skin of an infected person.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity kills the virus in 90% of cases, so no treatment is needed. In the remaining patients, it becomes more active and regenerates. The causes of HPV in women are as follows:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity;
- HIV AIDS;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected sexual intercourse;
- long-term medicine;
- childbirth, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- drug addiction, female alcoholism;
- chronic urogenital diseases;
- weak immunity after illness.
What is dangerous
The papillomavirus in women causes malignancies of the cervix, labia, vulva and anus. Breast cancer can progress. Timely detection of the DNA virus and initiation of treatment are essential to prevent uterine dysplasia and the further development of cancer. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with fetal infections. If a woman becomes ill while carrying a fetus, complex therapy is started at the age of 7 months, when the child's organs are fully formed.
Oncogenic HPV types
Depending on the degree of cancer risk, the following types of HPV are distinguished in women:
- Neoncogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are not included, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncogenicity. HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40–44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not induce oncology with persistent immunity. Under the influence of provocative factors, a malignant tumor may develop.
- Moderate oncogenic. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Cancer develops under the influence of provocative factors.
- Very oncogenic. HPV types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70, and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The incidence of oncology is high.
HPV types 16 and 18
HPV type 16 is highly oncogenic. The microbes penetrate the body's cells, blocking antitumor protection. In the genital area of the anus, gray spots appear on the rough surface. Over time, warts, papillomas and warts develop. They are localized not only on the genitals, but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs, armpits.
HPV type 18 also integrates into cellular DNA, reducing the activity of the immune system, leading to favorable conditions for benign tumors prone to malignancy. Cervical cancer may develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts, and warts.
Symptoms of infection
Signs of infection depend on the strains the person is infected with. Initially, the HPV carrier does not experience any discomfort. The virus has latent (asymptomatic) forms. The following symptoms of HPV occur due to provocative factors:
- pain in the external genitals;
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- cutaneous neoplasms;
- pain during intercourse.
Papillomas and warts
Skin growth is the first sign of HPV. Genital warts occur when infected with 6, 11 types of viruses. The growths are soft in color, reminiscent of cauliflower on the outside. Such tumors are often prone to malignancies localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rash is multiple and can merge into large foci. The main danger is the risk of injury from such a concentration on a thin leg.
Papilloma is caused by HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. Locates on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. The dense growth on the leg varies in color (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may be exacerbated. The disease cannot be cured. With strong immunity, such regrowths disappear without treatment, and the risk of malignancy is minimal.
Warts
The following types of warts are distinguished by form in women:
- Ordinary (vulgar). Localized on face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts occur on the soles of the feet caused by HPV types 1, 2.
- In the form of filaments. The nodules in the leg are in the groin, under the armpits and in the mammary glands, on the genitals.
- Apartment (youthful). Localized in the armpits, on the neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence and disappear on their own when they grow up. Caused by 3, 5 type viruses.
Diagnostics
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to be tested and correctly identified for the type of virus. In dangerous conditions, a woman is registered in the Department of Venereal Diseases. Diagnosis is complex, includes the following methods:
- Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor determines the skin neoplasms, determines their size and localization.
- Colposcopy. The colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. Use Lugol's solution, acetic acid, for the accuracy of the test.
- Biopsy. Scraping of biomaterial from the cervix is performed to confirm or rule out oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Detects the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It is used to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the virus.
PAP test
This method is used in gynecology. Scraping is performed from the cervix to detect cancerous changes in the epithelium. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the inner mucosa of the cervix, and the vaginal fornix. It is stained, dried and examined under a microscope. The aim of the study was to identify atypical and cancer cells.
The steps for evaluating the results are as follows:
- lack of microbial flora;
- initial stage of atypical cells;
- abnormal structure of nuclei;
- cells with an irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentration of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
Vaginal scraping is performed to identify specific areas of DNA in the papillomavirus. In the case of a positive result, the concentration of antigen per 100 cells is as follows:
- Lg to 3 - HPV concentration is low.
- Lg 3-5 is the capacitive amount of papillomavirus.
- Lg from 5 - high concentration of HPV.
Digene testas
It is a hybrid capture method that detects regions of papillomavirus DNA. Screening test is highly sensitive (more than 96%), HPV detects at an early stage and a predisposition to oncology. The Digene test determines the concentration of the virus, often in conjunction with a cytological examination. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for fast results.
Treatment of female papillomavirus
Comprehensive HPV therapy covers the following areas:
- removal of skin growths;
- take antiviral drugs;
- course of immunostimulatory treatment.
Condyloma and papilloma, depending on their location on the body, are not easily injured. In addition, neoplasms may grow. Such growths are best removed surgically. Otherwise, there is an increased risk that skin lesions will quickly become cancerous.
Medication
Medication is needed to reduce the activity of the virus, strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis is curable. List of drugs for the combined treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components in the composition. This way you can remove small skin growths, stop their growth.
- Antivirus. The medicine contains an antiviral component, which makes antibodies against the infection when it enters the body.
- Immunomodulators. They inhibit the reproduction of papillomavirus, inhibit the growth of skin growths, increase resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.
Surgical
To stop the growth of neoplasms on the skin in a viral disease, one of the following surgical methods is performed:
- Laser therapy. Laser cauterization of growths. The method is allowed during pregnancy, has good tolerance, rapid rehabilitation.
- Cryodestruction. The warts are frozen in liquid nitrogen and then disappear painlessly. No scars remain on the body after the procedure.
- Diathermocoagulation. The growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, an electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radio wave therapy. The method is painless, removes medium-sized growths, leaves no scars, has minimal medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive soft tissue lesions, suspicion of oncological disease. The disadvantage is scarring.
Folk remedies
Alternative medicine methods are used to eliminate the manifestations of papillomavirus in a complex treatment regimen. It is not possible to cure HPV internally in this way, but it is certainly possible to remove skin neoplasms without consequences. To remove genital warts, warts and papillomas, use the following health recipes:
- Remove the fresh stem of the celandine, rinse, rub the regrowth on the skin. Perform the procedure once a day until the wart dries and falls off on its own.
- Lubricate the warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Follow the procedure until the sediment disappears.
- Squeeze the garlic juice, lubricate the pathology lesions. Perform the procedure 2-3 times a day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Cut the rowan berry in half. Apply on the wart, fix with plaster. Perform the procedure before bedtime, positive dynamics is observed after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Mix lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal parts. Stir, apply to the outer growths 2-3 times a day until they fall off.
To quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system, healing decoctions and infusions can be included in the complex treatment regimen instead of tea. Folk remedies with immunostimulatory properties include:
- Conifer infusion. Pour in 1 tbsp. l. chopped needles needles 1 glass of boiling water. Simmer over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, sip, drink the broth before a meal (you can add honey).
- Sugar onions. Boil in boiling water for 10 minutes. onion peel in a ratio of 1: 10. Require broth, strain. Drink 1 teaspoon by mouth. 5-6 times daily before meals (honey can be added).
Prevention
It is difficult to choose the right drug and destroy the papillomavirus forever. In addition, antiviral treatment has a number of side effects. Preventive measures need to be taken care of in a timely manner. The medical recommendations are as follows:
- Follow personal hygiene rules.
- Check for HPV twice a year.
- Eliminate carefree sex.
- Use barrier contraception.
- Strengthen the immune system (especially during seasonal vitamin deficiencies).
- Monitor your medication.
- Follow an active lifestyle, exercise.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Inpatient vaccination can only protect against 4 types of papillomavirus, 16 and 18, 6 and 11.